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''Streptomyces lavendulae'' is a species of bacteria from the genus ''Streptomyces''. It is isolated from soils globally and is known for its production of medically useful biologically active metabolites. To see a photo of this organism click (here ). == Description & Significance == ''Streptomyces lavendulae'' was first isolated from soil in 1916,〔Waksman SA, Curtis RE. 1916. The actinomyces of the soil. Soil Sci. 1:99-134.〕 and has since been isolated from many soils throughout the world. It is characterized by colorless growth with lavender colored aerial mycelium, though white mutants have been observed . The order Actinomycetales is composed of organisms well known for their ability to make a wide range of biologically active metabolites.〔Ikea H, Ishikawa J, Hanamoto A, Shinose M, Kikuchi H, Shiba T, Sakaki Y, Hattori M, Omura S. 2003. (Complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of the industrial microorganism ''Streptomyces avermitilis.'' ) Nat Biotechnol. 21:526-531.〕 ''S. lavendulae'' produces many medically useful antibiotics including streptothricin〔Waksman SA, Bugie E, Schatz A. 1944. (Isolation of Antibiotic Substances from Soil Micro-Organisms, with special reference to Streptothricin and Streptomycin ). Proceedings of Staff Meetings of the Mayo Clinic. 19(23):537-548.〕 and lavendamycin,〔Balitz DM, Bush JA, Bradner WT, Doyle TW, O'Herron FA, Nettleton DE. 1982. (Isolation of lavendamycin, a new antibiotic from Streptomyces lavendulae ). J Antibiot (Tokyo). 35(3):259-65.〕 although some mutant strains exist without aerial mycelium, which are unable to produce antibiotics.〔Waksman SA, Schatz A. 1945. (Strain specificity and production of antibiotic substances. VI Strain variation and production of streptothricin by ''Actinomyces lavendulae'' ). Proc Natl Acad Sci. 31:208-214.〕 == Cell Morphology and Physiology == Actinomycetes are Gram-positive bacteria that resemble fungi in structure with a complex branched network of cells called a mycelium. Isolates of ''Streptomyces lavendulae'' from different soils around the world vary morphologically and physiologically, with some strains producing straight aerial mycelium, while other isolates form spiral mycelium.〔Waksman SA, Harris D, Lechevalier M. 1951. (Studies on Streptomyces Lavendulae ). New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station. 62:149-161.〕 The coloration of the mycelia can range from white to lavender to a deep red. These mycelia later give rise to spores that are oval with a smooth surface. All strains of ''S. lavendulae'' produce dark pigments on organic media, which can range in color from brown to greenish-black.〔Mencher JR, Heim AH. 1962. (Melanin Biosynthesis by Streptomyces lavendulae. ) Microbiology. 28:665-670.〕 ''S. lavendulae'' growth occurs between 20 °C and 43 °C and its optimum temperature is 37 °C and growth and sporulation occur at pH ranging from 5.0-8.0 and its optimum pH is 7.0.〔Shibata M, Uyeda M, Kido Y, Toya N, Nakashima R, Terazumi R. 1980. (A New Antibiotic K-82 A and Minor Components Produced by Streptomyces lavendulae, Strain No. K-82 ). The Journal of Antibiotics. 33:11 1231-1235.〕 == Metabolism == ''Streptomyces'' have the ability to utilize many different compounds as part of their metabolism including sugars, amino acids, and alcohols through the production of extracellular enzymes. Carbon utilization studies on ''S. lavendulae'' have shown good or moderate growth with glucose, fructose, and arabinose as the substrate.〔Nishimura M, Inouye S. 2000. (Inhibitory Effects of Carbohydrates on Cholesterol Esterase Biosynthesis in Streptomyces lavendulae H646-SY2. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering ). 90:5 564-566.〕 == Genome Structure == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Streptomyces lavendulae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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